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July 1 , 1933

First flight of Douglas DC-1 transport, prototype for the 
DC-2 and DC-3

ARTICLE

“A new type of carburetor had been installed on the engines with its floats on backward, 
so that the fuel was cut off every time the plane tilted up.”

The hair-raising first flight of the Douglas DC-1, Invention & Technology, Fall 1988

July 2, 1900

Maiden flight of first zeppelin (LZ-1) above Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany

NY TIMES

“It is the consensus of scientific opinion that the balloon in any form is only a toy, except for special and limited purposes, most of them involving attachment to the earth by means of a cable...”

New York Times editorial, Oct.20, 1900

July 3, 1869

Mount Washington Cog Railway opens; steam engine climbs 
2,663 ft. on 2.8 mile run to summit of mountain

Manufacturer
and
Builder

“Place a ladder, thirty feet long, upon an inclination so that one end shall be ten feet higher, and imagine a locomotive creeping up its course; you then have a semblance to the White Mountain Railway.”

"The Mount Washington Railway," Manufacturer & Builder, January, 1873

July 4, 1908

Glenn Curtiss flies June Bug aircraft 1.6 km at Hammondsport, NY to win Scientific American trophy

BOOK EXCERPT

NY TIMES

"...all doubts as to the feasibility of aerial navigation by heavier-than-air machines have been put at rest."

Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, President of the Aerial Experiment Association, 
New York Times
, July 4, 1908

July 4, 1840

Maiden voyage of paddle steamer RMS Britannia from Liverpool to Halifax, 12 days and 10 hours

BOOK EXCERPT

"...the vessel throbs like a strong giant that has just received the breath of life; the two great wheels turn fiercely round for the first time; and the noble ship, with wind and tide astern, breaks proudly through the lashed and foaming water."       - American Notes, Charles Dickens, 1842

July 5, 1944

Maiden flight of Northrop MX-324, first U.S. rocket-powered aircraft at Harper Dry Lake, CA

FLIGHT

"With a long plume of smoke belching from its trailing-edge the little aircraft raced along for five minutes and then glided gently down."

MX-324 described in FLIGHT, April 17, 1947, p.335

July 6, 1925

First Douglas mail plane, the M-1, starts manufacturer's flight trials; prototype for M-2 and M-3 planes

FLIGHT

"It is proposed to deliver letters sent out from New York 24 hours later in San Francisco...Present 
railway schedules require about six days in which to make deliveries across the continent." 

"Air Mail Service," The Miami News, June 28, 1924

July 7, 1925

First flight of Boeing Model 40 mail plane, testing wooden fuselage; prototype for subsequent Model 40A of 1927

"The airmail service passed the experimental stage long ago. Infinitely faster than 
the train mail service, it is rated just as safe by the government..."

"Real Airmail Service Here At Last." The Pittsburgh Press - Apr 20, 1927

July 8, 1838

Birth of airship builder and inventor Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin 
in Baden, Germany

NY TIMES

"Count Zeppelin will celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday on Tuesday by steering his 
twentieth airship on her maiden flight." 

"Zeppelin is 75 Tuesday" The New York Times, July 6, 1913

July 9, 1916

German merchant U-Boat Deutschland arrives in Baltimore,  
first submarine to cross the Atlantic Ocean

Book link

NY TIMES

"Part of the [return] cargo of the Deutschland will be 3,000 bottles of Pennsylvania beer. Is not intended entirely as an importation, though some of it may survive the trip across."

The New York Times, July 24, 1916

July 10, 1938

Howard Hughes begins record-breaking round-the-world flight in Lockheed 14 Super Electra transport

TIME

FLIGHT

"The swift, silver Lockheed monoplane that Hughes had whipped off Floyd Bennett Field for Paris a little over four days earlier, was the most foolproof private plane that ever flew."

"Transport: Sure Thing."  TIME, Jul. 25, 1938

July 11, 1918

Henry Ford launches first of 60 'Eagle Boats' constructed 
for the U.S. Navy

NY TIMES

"...for all the fuss that was made over the event it might as well have been the launching 
of the thousandth Eagle as the first."

"First Eagle Boat Launched by Ford," New York Times, Jul. 12, 1918

July 12, 1980

First flight of McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender aerial
tanker and transport aircraft

FLIGHT

USAF Fact Sheet

"During boom refueling operations, fuel is transferred to the receiver at a maximum rate of 1,100 gallons (4,180 liters) per minute; the hose and drogue refueling max. rate is 470 gallons (1,786 liters) per minute."

U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet: KC-10 Extender

July 13, 1866

Second attempt to lay transatlantic telegraph cable with Brunel's giant paddle steamer Great Eastern begins

engravings

1866 book

1866 diary

"...our principal occupation is to stand and watch the cable entering the water 
so quietly and silently, I trust never to be seen again."

Sir Daniel Gooch aboard the steamer Great Eastern, July 14, 1866

July 14, 1952

Keel for aircraft carrier USS Forrestal  laid down at 
Newport News, VA

TIME

"Two steel plates weighing thirteen tons each clicked together with the precision of a watch case here today and so was laid the keel of what will be the world's largest airplane carrier two and a half years hence."

"Keel Laid for U. S. Supercarrier,"  New York Times, Jul. 14, 1952

July 15, 1865

First attempt to lay transatlantic telegraph cable with Brunel's giant paddle steamer Great Eastern begins

1865 book

1865 diary

Sc. American

"As the sun set, a broad stream of golden light was thrown across the smooth billows toward their bows, 
as if to indicate and illumine the path marked out by the hand of heaven."

London Times correspondent Wm. H. Russell aboard the Great Eastern

July 16, 1957

Maj.
John H. Glenn Jr. , USMC, sets new transcontinental speed record of 3 hrs 23 min 8 seconds in Vought F8U-1P Crusader

TIME

FLIGHT

"Flying at 1,000 miles an hour doesn't feel as fast as driving seventy miles an hour down a turnpike; 
in fact, it's more like sitting inside an I.B.M. calculator."

"Supersonic Champion; John Hershall Glenn Jr."  New York Times, Jul. 15, 1957

July 17, 1909

Glenn Curtiss wins Cortlandt Field Bishop prize of $250 for 1 km flight and Sc. American trophy for 25 km flight (15.5 miles)

BOOK EXCERPT

NY TIMES

"Flying was such a novelty at that time that nine-tenths of the people who came to watch the preparations were sceptical while others declared that 'that thing won't fly, so what's the use of waiting 'round.' "

Glenn Curtiss describes his July 17th flight in The Curtiss Aviation Book, 1912

July 18, 1966

Launch of Gemini 10; first spacecraft to rendezvous with two different vehicles on same flight - Agena Target Vehicles 8 & 10

TIME

"When that baby lights, there's no doubt about it!"

Astronaut John Young describes the use of the coupled Agena Target Vehicle for extra propulsion
"Fattening the Record books." TIME, July 29, 1966

July 19, 1837

Launch of Isambard Brunel's paddle steamer Great Western, first steam-ship built to make regular voyages across the Atlantic

BOOK EXCERPT

Invention & Tech

"When anchored in the [Thames] river she was crowded with visitors, who, according to the newspapers of the day, were astonished at her 'magnificent proportions and 'stupendous machinery.' "

Isambard Brunel Jr. describes the Great Western in his father's biography (1870)

July 20, 1969

Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin 
land on the moon

TIME

"The achievements of Apollo were so bold and our subsequent efforts so timid that the energy 
of those years seems like a youthful dream.”

Words attributed to Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin

July 21, 1819

Paddle steamer Savannah leaves Liverpool for St. Petersburg, Russia, becoming the first steamer to enter the Baltic Sea

MISCELLANY

Sc. American

"The company owning the Savannah had despatched her to St. Petersburgh with the expectation of selling her to the Emperor, but in this they were disappointed, and the ship returned to America."

"A Reminiscence of the First Ocean Steamer."  Scientific American, Oct. 14, 1854

July 22, 1798

Maiden voyage of superfrigate USS Constitution, world's oldest floating commissioned naval vessel

Invention & Tech

"This is the technological key that unlocked America's access to the world."

Cmdr. Michael Beck, USS Constitution's 64th commanding officer, describes the diagonal riders transferring the weight of the guns on the upper decks down to the ship's keel,  Inv. & Tech, Fall 1997

July 23, 1759

Keel laid at Chatham Dockyard for HMS Victory, world's oldest commissioned naval vessel

MISCELLANY

"Her immense spread of sail on her lofty masts presented a fine sight."

H.M.S. "Victory" -  Will's Cigarette card, Celebrated Ships No. 11, undated

July 24, 1931

German airship Graf Zeppelin D-LZ-127 begins one week, 
6,586 mi. (10,600 km) research trip to the Arctic

TIME

"Three-fourths of the [polar expedition's] cost is being borne by foreign scientific bodies...the remainder by stamp collectors."

"Graf Flies North" TIME, Aug. 03, 1931

July 25, 1909

Louis Blériot flies across the English Channel, Calais to Dover, 
in monoplane of his own design (Blériot XI)

VIDEO

NY TIMES

"I came in contact with the ground sooner than I expected. Both the machine and myself 
were badly shaken."


Louis Blériot describes his landing at Dover. New York Times, July 26, 1909.

July 26, 1971

Launch of Apollo 15, fourth mission to land on the Moon; first mission to use Lunar Rover

TIME

"Tucked away in the side of Falcon, the collapsible, 10-ft.-long jumble of aluminum tubing, wire and rods might easily be mistaken for a Rube Goldbergian version of an old-fashioned foldaway Murphy bed."

"Roving the Moon" TIME, Jul. 26, 1971

July 27, 1866

Transatlantic telegraph cable successfully laid between Ireland and Newfoundland using Brunel's paddle steamer Great Eastern

engravings

1866 book

1866 diary

"Complimentary greetings have passed through the Atlantic Cable, between the Queen and the Canadian Government. One of the messages took only eleven minutes to pass from Newfoundland to London."

"The Atlantic Telegraph" New York Times, Aug. 4, 1866

July 28, 1935

First flight of Boeing 299 bomber for U.S. Army
B-17 Flying Fortress prototype 

TIME

FLIGHT

"While the Boeing's fuselage is designed to carry bomb-racks, it would need 
but slight modification to become a commercial airliner."

"Transport: 299"  TIME, July 15, 1935

July 29, 1905 

Launch of four-masted barque Pamir at Blohm & Voss shipyard, Hamburg; last commercial sailing ship to round Cape Horn (1949)

TIME

"Every winter since the War a fleet of Finnish, Swedish and German windjammers has set out for Britain from Australia, scupper-deep with Australian wheat. They call it the 'grain race.' "

"Australia: Grain Race"  TIME,  June 05, 1933

July 30, 2009

Boeing rolls out P-8A Poseidon, long-range anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft

Boeing overview

"The P-8A Poseidon will equip the US Navy with the most advanced multi-mission maritime patrol 
and reconnaissance aircraft in the world."

Jim Albaugh, president and CEO of Boeing Integrated Defence Systems, July 30, 2009

July 31, 1902

Maiden voyage of Preussen, the only five-masted, full-rigged ship 
ever built, from Bremerhaven to Iquique, Chile

NY TIMES

"We call the masts fore, main, middle, Laeisz (owner's name) and mizzen masts..."

Captain R.R. Petersen of the windjammer Preussen settles a dispute over the names of the five masts 
while moored at Pier 3 in Brooklyn.  New York Times, April 15, 1908

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